Understanding Internal Green Walls

Internal green walls, also known as living walls or vertical gardens, are becoming increasingly popular in interior design and architecture within the UK. These installations involve growing plants on vertical surfaces inside buildings, offering numerous benefits such as improved air quality, enhanced aesthetics, and increased well-being. This article explores the types, benefits, and examples of internal green walls, demonstrating their potential to transform indoor spaces.

Types of Internal Green Walls

Internal green walls come in various forms, each with unique characteristics and applications. They are often part of a ‘Biophilic’ office design. The two primary types are:

Modular Internal Green Walls

Modular internal green walls consist of pre-planted panels or trays mounted on interior walls. These modules are often made of plastic, metal, or other durable materials, making them easy to install and maintain. They allow for the replacement of individual modules if needed. An example is the green wall at the Sky Garden in London, which uses a modular system to create its lush indoor garden.

Continuous Internal Green Walls

Continuous internal green walls, also known as green facades, involve plants growing directly onto an interior wall or through a supporting structure like a trellis or mesh. These systems typically use climbing plants or those with extensive root systems. The green wall at the Athenaeum Hotel in London showcases continuous greenery that enhances the indoor environment.

Benefits of Internal Green Walls

Internal green walls offer numerous advantages that make them a valuable addition to indoor spaces. Here are some of the key benefits:

Environmental Benefits

Air Quality Improvement

Internal green walls act as natural air filters, absorbing pollutants and releasing oxygen. Plants can trap dust, particulate matter, and harmful gases, significantly improving indoor air quality. The living wall at the University of Bristol’s Life Sciences Building is an excellent example of how these installations can enhance air quality in enclosed spaces.

Social and Aesthetic Benefits

Enhancing Interior Aesthetics

Internal green walls add a natural element to indoor environments, creating visually appealing spaces. They can transform plain walls into vibrant, green features. The green wall at the Westfield Shopping Centre in London highlights how these installations can become interior focal points.

Promoting Well-being

The presence of internal green walls can positively impact mental health by providing a connection to nature. Access to greenery has been shown to reduce stress, improve mood, and enhance overall well-being. The green walls at the UK headquarters of Unilever in Leatherhead exemplify how integrating greenery in workspaces can benefit employees’ mental health.

Economic Benefits

Energy Efficiency

Internal green walls can contribute to energy efficiency by providing insulation, reducing the need for heating and cooling. This insulation effect can lead to significant energy savings. The green wall at the Rubens at the Palace Hotel in London demonstrates how these installations can enhance the energy performance of buildings.

Increased Property Value

The aesthetic and environmental benefits of internal green walls can increase the value of properties. Buildings with green walls often attract higher rents and property values due to their improved aesthetics and sustainable features. The green walls at the Cannon Place office building in London are an example of how such features can add value to commercial properties.

Sky Garden, London Internal Green Walls

The Sky Garden in London features extensive internal green walls, integrating greenery into the public space. These green walls not only improve air quality but also create a pleasant and inviting environment for visitors. This project showcases how internal green walls can enhance indoor public areas..

 

Maintaining Green Walls

Maintaining internal green walls involves several steps to ensure the plants remain healthy and the system functions efficiently. Here’s a guide on how to maintain them:

Regular Maintenance

Watering

• Automated Irrigation: Many internal green walls have automated irrigation systems. Regularly check and maintain these systems to ensure proper water distribution.
• Manual Watering: If the wall does not have an automated system, establish a consistent watering schedule based on the plant species and indoor conditions.

Pruning

• Regular Pruning: Trim plants regularly to prevent overgrowth and maintain the desired shape. Remove any dead or yellowing leaves to encourage new growth.
• Plant Rotation: Occasionally rotate plants within the wall to ensure even growth and light exposure.

Nutrient Management

Fertilisation

• Nutrient Solutions: Use appropriate liquid fertilisers in the irrigation system. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the correct dosage and frequency.
• Soil Fertility: For soil-based systems, periodically check the soil quality and add slow-release fertilisers as needed.

Pest Control

Regular Inspections

• Pest Detection: Regularly inspect plants for signs of pests such as aphids, spider mites, or fungus gnats. Early detection is crucial for effective management.
• Biological Controls: Use natural predators like ladybugs or introduce beneficial insects to control pest populations.
• Organic Treatments: Apply organic insecticidal soaps or neem oil as needed to manage pest issues without harming the plants.

Light Management

Lighting

• Natural Light: Ensure the green wall receives adequate natural light. If natural light is insufficient, install grow lights to provide the necessary light spectrum for plant growth.
• Light Adjustment: Adjust the position and duration of grow lights to mimic natural light conditions, promoting healthy plant growth.

System Maintenance

Structural Integrity

• Support Structures: Regularly inspect the support structures, such as frames and trellises, to ensure they are secure and stable.
• Panel Replacement: For modular systems, replace any damaged or failing panels promptly to prevent damage to adjacent plants.

Irrigation System

• Check for Blockages: Regularly check the irrigation system for blockages or leaks and repair them promptly.
• Water Quality: Ensure the water used in the irrigation system is of good quality, free from contaminants that could harm the plants.

Health Monitoring

Plant Health

• Visual Inspection: Regularly inspect plants for signs of stress, disease, or nutrient deficiencies. Look for discolouration, wilting, or unusual growth patterns.
• Professional Assessment: Occasionally, have a professional horticulturist assess the green wall to provide expert advice on maintaining plant health.

Cleaning

Dust and Debris

• Leaf Cleaning: Wipe down plant leaves with a damp cloth to remove dust and debris, allowing the plants to photosynthesise efficiently.
• Wall Cleaning: Clean the surfaces around the green wall to prevent dust and dirt accumulation, which can affect the plants’ health.

By following these maintenance practices, you can ensure that your internal green wall remains vibrant, healthy, and aesthetically pleasing. Regular care and attention will help maximise the benefits of your green wall, contributing to a healthier indoor environment.

Living Walls Breath Life into Your Workplace

Internal green walls are an innovative and effective solution for enhancing indoor environments. They offer a range of environmental, social, and economic benefits, making them a valuable addition to buildings across the UK. Internal green walls can transform interior spaces, promoting sustainability and well-being. As the trend towards greener buildings continues, internal green walls will play an increasingly important role in creating healthier and more aesthetically pleasing indoor environments.